Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Mechanism of Ghrelin-Induced Gastric Contractions in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew): Involvement of Intrinsic Primary Afferent Neurons

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060365

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Ritanserin (10 −7 M) showed no antagonistic effect on ghrelin-induced contractions. (B) Ondansetron treatment (10 −5 M) significantly reduced ghrelin-induced contractions. (C) Naloxone (10 −6 M) significantly inhibited ghrelin-induced contractions. (D) FK888 had no significant effect on ghrelin-induced contractions. (E) L-NAME significantly potentiated the contractions at doses of 10 −10 and 10 −9 M ghrelin. Each value is the mean ± SEM value (n = 6). •: Control; ▴: antagonists or inhibitor treatment; * P<0.05, ** P<0.01. ACh, acetylcholine.

Article Snippet: In antagonist or inhibitor experiments, the stomachs were equilibrated before the application of acyl ghrelin (pretreated with a low dose of motilin) with the following antagonists: hexamethonium bromide (10 −4 M; Wako, Osaka, Japan) , prazosin hydrochloride (10 −6 M; Wako) , timolol maleate (10 −6 M; Wako) , naloxone (10 −6 M; Wako) , FK888 (10 −6 M; Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, USA) , ondansetron (10 −5 M; Hikari Pharmaceutical, Imado, Japan) , and phentolamine mesylate (10 −5 M; MP Biomedicals, France) for 30 min; yohimbine hydrochloride (10 −6 M; Tocris Bioscience) for 25 min; ritanserin (10 −7 M; Tocris Bioscience) for 1 h, or N -nitro- l -arginine methylester (L-NAME; 10 −4 M; Sigma) , adenosine (10 −8.5 M; Sigma) , and GR113808 (10 −7 M; Tocris Bioscience) for 15 min; and SR142801 (10 −7 M; Axon Medchem, Groningen, The Netherlands) for 20 min.

Techniques: Control

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dynamic enhancer partitioning instructs activation of a growth-related gene during exit from naïve pluripotency

doi: 10.7554/eLife.44057

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) H3K27me3 ChIP-qPCR in ESCs (Left) and EpiLCs (Middle) in WT and the ∆ mutant. There is no significant effect on polycomb dynamics in ESCs. In EpiLCs, the ∆ mutant retains residual H3K27me3 relative to WT. H3K27me3 ChIP-qPCR in WT and ∆ ESCs and EpiLCs at control loci are displayed in right panel. Data shown as ±s.e.m. from three biological replicates for each genotype. ( B ) Alleles generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of Eed in WT and ∆ contexts. ( C ) Western blot confirming loss of EED protein and H3K27me3 in Eed-/- cell lines. ( D ) Western blot showing no detection of H3K27me3 loss after four days of incubation with PRC2 inhibitor. Negative control exhibited strong H3K27me3 signal. ( E ) RT-qPCR of Zdbf2 in absence of CTCF partition with EZH2 inhibitor. In ∆CTCF_PS mutants, there is a further increase of Zdbf2 de-repression when H3K27me3 is depleted. Data shown as ±s.e.m. from three biological replicates for each genotype. Statistical analyses were performed by two-tailed unpaired t-test: *p≤0.05, **≤0.01, ***p≤0.001.

Article Snippet: For EZH2 inhibition experiments, the EZH2 incubator UNC 1999 (or its negative control UNC 2400, Tocris Bioscience) was added to media at a 1 μM final concentration for four days.

Techniques: ChIP-qPCR, Mutagenesis, Control, Generated, CRISPR, Western Blot, Incubation, Negative Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dynamic enhancer partitioning instructs activation of a growth-related gene during exit from naïve pluripotency

doi: 10.7554/eLife.44057

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: For EZH2 inhibition experiments, the EZH2 incubator UNC 1999 (or its negative control UNC 2400, Tocris Bioscience) was added to media at a 1 μM final concentration for four days.

Techniques: CRISPR, Generated, Mutagenesis, Negative Control, Recombinant, Software